A team of investigators, including TREAT members Eric Grogan, MD, MPH, Stephen Deppen, PhD, and Maren Shipe, MD, MPH, created complex decision analysis models that balanced the risk of COVID-19 infection against the risk of disease progression if surgical procedures were delayed during the pandemic. When the team analyzed six specific disease-surgery pairs in relation to model patients, they determined that proceeding with surgery in hospitals with low perioperative COVID-19 infection rates rather than waiting three to six months would likely result in an improved five-year survival for the patients.